Extra Credit

Week 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, uses all primary colors. In week 4 and 5 uses tertiary colors . In week three the objectives uses complemetary colors.

Art 101 Final exam

Martin Johnson Heade
Giant Magnolias on a Blue Velvet Cloth, c. 1890
Gift of The Circle of the National Gallery of Art in Commemoration of its 10th Anniversary
1996.14.1



Martin Johnson Heade
Rio de Janeiro Bay, 1864
Gift of the Avalon Foundation
1965.2.1

In 1890, Martin Johnson Heade painted Giant Magnolias on a Blue Velvet Cloth and nearly thirty years before that in 1864 he painted Rio de Janeiro Bay. He painted both of the works of art using oil and canvas, but he used a different way of painting for each. When painting Giant Magnolias, he painted the picture with mainly hues(96) of blue, green, and white that are analogous colors, colors that contain the same color in different proportions, that worked well together. Heade used value(92,96) the varying from light to dark to which made the magnolias stand out in the picture. In doing so the magnolias became the positive shapes (89) in the painting, or the shape we perceive as dominant and made the blue velvet cloth, the negative shape(89), or the background of the painting. He used cool colors(95) in this painting compared with the Rio de Janeiro painting where he used more warm colors(95), colors along the orange curve of the color wheel(95) ranging form red to yellow to paint the sand and parts of the sky. In the Rio de Janeiro painting, he did use a little bit of cool color but only to paint the bay. He uses the complementary colors(97) of green - blues and yellow oranges color between the sky and the bay that intensify each other (in this instance) when used together. He painted this painting with an atmospheric perspective(113)where distant objects appear blurry compared with the clearness of closer objects in the painting. Heade, though, mastering the art of contour lines(83), gives both of the paintings a three-dimensional effect, or provides the perception of edges in the paintings on a two-dimensional space(106), the flat surface of the work.

Martin Heade uses symmetry in both of his works of art, but he uses other design principles differently. In "Giant Magnolias,” Heade uses white the emphasize(134) the magnolias and very dark blue hue almost close to black as the subordinate(134). To create balance in this painting, he uses symmetry along the horizontal center of the art work to distribute weight. In Rio de Janeiro Bay, variety(122) is abundant in the painting, he uses the sky and the ships and the hues to provide interest to the painting. In this painting he also uses symmetry(125) along the horizontal center that starts where the sea changes to the sky, painting the boats closer to sea and farther out Heade used scale and proportion(137). He used scale, sizes in relation to normal size, and proportion, sizes in relation ships to part of a whole to give the illusion of distance in his painting where as he only uses scale in the magnolia painting to give more emphasis to the magnolias. He also employs rhythm(141) in Rio de Janeiro Bay, with the use of orange, brown and green hues by using the shades often in the painting. He creates a very realistic effect in Rio de Janeiro bay but in "Magnolias,” you can tell that is it is a painting. It does not have much of a 3d effect that he created by using proportion in the painting.

In two of Martin Heade Johnson's paintings, Giant Magnolias on a Blue Velvet Cloth, C. 1890 and Rio de Janeiro Bay, 1864, he used the two different themes to create these works of art.

In Giant Magnolias, M.J. Heade used the art and nature theme in these paintings(76). He painted this to be visually appealing to the eye/mind. He uses white to emphasize(134) the magnolias in the picture, making them the focal point, or the figure in the painting. Color plays a significant role in this painting by using chiaroscuro (92), or the technique of using values to record light and shadow creating a 3d effect. Emphasis also plays a significant role in this painting because the hues used in this picture only allow the magnolias to be the main point of the painting. Thus in effect, you only notice the magnolias at first and if not for the light cast onto the velvet, you might have missed it.

In Rio de Janeiro bay, the theme used are art and nature(74), where art is used to portray nature or the environment of the natural world. This painting gives uses contour(83) lines on the clouds that are heading west. Following the invisible line you can see the warmth of the sun, but not the sun itself. Heade uses white again in this painting to emphasize(134) the waves on the beach and the cloud in the sky that gives you the feeling of looking at a photograph that you might have taken yourself. The painting makes the viewer feel as though they are at the beach taking in this sunset/sunrise. In this painting though Heade does not, in my opinion have a focal point, the focal point, it seems is the painting it self because your eyes are not drawn to one thing in the painting. As you look at one thing in the painting, your eyes notice another. I think that both paintings do incorporate nature in their paintings, but Heade used different themes to portray them.

Both of my chosen paintings by the same artist use oil on canvas. Oil is a medium that can be used or mixed with spirits, turpentine and other liquids such as glaze and other (168). Oil paint on canvas can create a smooth, error free glazes(175), a thin translucent layer of color, applied usually over another color. This glaze also allows colors to blend to create the finished effect. Oil paint itself, is created with a pigment(172), a coloring material made from various organic or chemical substances. When mixed with a binder(172), a substance in paint that causes particles of pigment to stick to one another and to be a support, it creates a drawing/ painting medium. One benefit of oil paint is that it dries slowly which allows the paint to blend with each other. We can apply more than one layer of paint on the top of other layers without the worry of cracking or detection and the artist can redo the painting until he gets it the way he wants it without destroying his work(173). These two works of arts uses these techniques to their advantage creating two well blended, perfect works of art. Heade made Giant Magnolias by getting rid of all visible brush strokes and creating a polished surface and by using aerial perspective, allowed the sky and sea to be the focus of the canvas. In Rio, the paint was thin, instead of impasto, which would be paint applied in thick layers. You can see the noticeable brush strokes in the hills, but not in the water. In the water except for the waves, Heade again removes the visible brush strokes to give the water unity. Mediums are used as a way of painting not a way of expressing art, though they do make each work of art unique and one of a kind, even if one were to copy a work or art perfectly, it will never be the same as the original.

Martin Johnson Heade's Giant Magnolias on a Blue Velvet Cloth was created in 1890 and Rio de Janeiro Bay was created in 1864. Heade, an American, learned to paint portraits from his uncle and his cousin but became fascinated by the light that the Hudson River school artists captured in their paintings. Heade changed his focus of painting after visiting different tropical areas like Jamaica and South America. Periods consist at least a hundred years (421 and power point). Movements entered art history after the French revolution (power point). Giant Magnolias was created during the symbolism movement during the romanticism period while Heade was still using the impressionistic way of capturing light and nature in his paintings. I think that period Rio de Janeiro Bay was created in was the modern period. All artwork was created during a certain period in time. These paintings were created during the Modern Period and were influenced by the American Culture. The modern period beginning in 1800 and ending in 1950 cover a span of 150 years. Technological progress and characterized by rapid change” drove this period of society (505).Luminescence, being light that can be caused by just about anything. The luminist style of painting hides the brush strokes used in the painting and increases the detail used in the artwork. Both paintings capture nature although one is captured in nature( Rio ) and the other is in a man-made ground ( giant Magnolias)

M.J. Heade painted both of his paintings during the Realists’ movement. This movement was an attempt to create an artist's visual impressions, painted from nature and used broken color to achieve it. In Rio de Janeiro Bay, Heade used swift brush strokes on the waves that made the scene more real, as though one were standing right there. On the rest of the Bay painting, he blended brush strokes to the point where they were not visible anymore. In this painting he also uses symmetry along the horizontal center that starts where the sea changes to the sky, painting the boats closer to sea and farther out. Heade also used scale and proportion. He used scale, size in relation to normal size, and proportion, size in relationships to part of a whole to give the illusion of distance in his painting where as he only uses scale in the magnolia painting to give more emphasis to the magnolias. In Giant Magnolias, M.J. Heade also blends the brush strokes to make them seemingly invisible. He used emphasis the make the magnolias the focus of the painting. The contrasts between the flowers and the velvet cloth also help to bring the flowers to the viewers attention.

Activity 13

M.j Heade painted both of his paintings during the Impression movement.This movement was an attempt to create a artist's visual impressions, painted from nature and used broken color to achieve it. In Rio de Janiero Bay , Heade used swift brush strokes on the waves which made the scene more real, as though one were standing right there. On the rest of the Bay painting, he blended brushstrokes to the point where they weren't visible anymore.In this painting he also uses symmetry along the horizontal center which starts where the sea changes to the sky,painting the boats closer to sea and further out. Heade also implemented scale and proportion. He used scale, size in relation to normal size, and proportion, size in relationships to part of a whole to give the illusion of distance in his painting where as he only uses scale in the magnolia painting to give more emphasis to the magnolias. In Giant Magnolias, M.J. Heade also blends the brushstrokes to make them seemingly invisible. He used emphasis the make the magnolias the focus of the painting. The contrast between the flowers and the velvet cloth also help to bring the flowers to the viewers attention.

Activity #11

Martin Johnson Heade's Giant Magnolias on a Blue Velvet Cloth was created in 1890 and Rio de Janeiro Bay was created in 1864. Heade, an American,learned to paint portraits from his uncle and his cousin but became fascinated by the light that the Hudson River school artists captured in their paintings. Heade changed his focus of painting after visiting different tropical areas like Jamaica and South America.Periods consist at least a hundred years (421 and powerpoint).Movements entered into art history after the french revolution (powerpoint). Giant Magnolias was created during the the symbolism movement during the romanticism period while Heade was still using the impressionistic way of capturing light and nature in his paintings.I think that period Rio de Janiero Bay was created in was the realist period. The realism period attempted to represent figures as they appear. The Luminism style of painting and The Hudson river school was influenced by impressionism.Impressionism was an attempt to create visual impressions, painted from nature and used broken color to acheive it. Luminescence, being light that can be caused by just about anything. The luminist style of painting hides the brushstrokes used in the painting and increases the detail used in the artwork. Both of these painting capture nature although one is captured in nature( Rio ) and the other is in a man made ground ( giant Magnolias)

Critical Thinking Essay redone with Dontae

If I could save a painting from the art gallery it would be Cattleya Orchid and Three Brazilian Hummingbirds, done in 1871, by Martin Johnson Heade. I would save this picture paticulary because it reminds me of my grandmother. She is a hummingbird fan, and this picture she would actually love. The foreground is dominated by the pink orchid with green sterns and pods. This is a picture where you can tell that the painter enjoys nature. The oil based canvas also brings out the background of the flower and the hummingbirds as well.
- Dontae R.






Sphere No. 6, (1963-1965)
Bronz Arnaldo Pomodoro
Italian, b. Morciano, 1926

Out of all the collections of the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington DC,I would save these two works of art.For the Sphere No. 6, was created using bronze as a medium, although it is not clear what Pomodoro used to create this work of art. I would save this sphere because to me it represents the world and (the destructive nature that we have been treating it) how it should really look. It seems it fragmented, uneven and has craters as though it is showing the wounds we have inflicted upon it. I would save this to remind future generations that we need to do more to rebuild and care for the only world we have.
- Tamika A.

Activity #10

Martin Johnson Heade
Giant Magnolias on a Blue Velvet Cloth, c. 1890
Gift of The Circle of the National Gallery of Art in Commemoration of its 10th Anniversary
1996.14.1



Martin Johnson Heade
Rio de Janeiro Bay, 1864
Gift of the Avalon Foundation
1965.2.1

Both of my chosen paintings by the same artist use oil on canvas. Oil is a medium which can be used or mixed with spirits, turpentine and other liquids such as glaze and other (168).Oil paint on canvas can create a smooth, error free glaze(175), a thin translucent layer of color, applied usually over another color.This glaze also allows colors to blend to create the finished effect. Oil paint itself is created with a pigment(172), a coloring material made from various organic or chemical substances. When mixed with a binder(172),a substance in paint that causes particle of pigment to adhere to one another and to be a support, it creates a drawing/ painting medium. One of the benefits of oil paint is that it dries slowly which allows the paint to blended with each other. More than one layer of paint can be applied on the top of other layers without the worry of cracking or detectability and the the artist can redo the painting until he gets it the way he wants it without destroying his work(173). These two works of arts uses these techniques to their advantage creating two well blended, perfect works of art.Heade made Giant Magnolias by getting rid of all visible brushstrokes and creating a polished surface and by using aerial perspective, allows the sky and sea to be the focus of the canvas. In Rio,the paint was thin, instead of impasto, which would be paint applied in thick layers. You can see the noticeable brushstrokes in the hills, but not in the water.In the water except for the waves , Heade again removes the visible brushstrokes to give the water unity. Mediums are used as a way of painting not a way of expressing art, though they do make each work of art unique and one of a kind even if one was to copy a work or art perfectly, it will never be the same as the original.

Critical Thinking Essay ( by myself)

Antoine-Louis Barye
French, b. Paris, 1795 - 1875
Tiger Devouring An Antelope, (CA. 1830-1831)
Bronze.Sphere No. 6, (1963-1965)
Bronz Arnaldo Pomodoro
Italian, b. Morciano, 1926

Out of all the collections of the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington DC,I would save these two works of art.For the Sphere No. 6, was created using bronze as a medium, although it is not clear what Pomodoro used to create this work of art. I would save this sphere because to me it represents the world and (the destructive nature that we have been treating it) how it should really look. It seems it fragmented, uneven and has craters as though it is showing the wounds we have inflicted upon it. I would save this to remind future generations that we need to do more to rebuild and care for the only world we have.
The Tiger Devouring An Antelope by Bayre using bronze as the medium, I would save mainly out of selfishness I loveeeeeeee tigers. I love the contour lines that the artist used to show the tigers powerfulness over the antelope, and to make it seem as though the lion is more relaxed while the antelope (of course) is writhing in pain/agony. I'm not sure if the green hue on the sculpture was put there on purpose but to me it brings the picture to life and reminds me of the old adage that "only the strong survive". It reminds me that everyone is in the rat race for themselves and they will "devour" you if you get in there way.